Introduction to Carcinogenic Hazards

IARC Monographs: 40 Years of Evaluating Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans

BACKGROUND Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Programme for the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has been criticized for several of its evaluations, and also for the approach used to perform these evaluations. Some critics have claimed that failures of IARC Working Groups to recognize study weaknesses and biases of Working Group members have led to inappr...

Assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards of heavy metals in surface soils of Bandar Mahshahr industrial zone in 1398

Background: Non-biodegradation in nature and the creation of adverse health effects in humans is important features of heavy metals. The main purpose of this study was to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, V, and Zn in the soils of industrial areas of Mahshahr port for adults and children. Methods: To study the environmental effects of ...

Ranking the potential carcinogenic hazards to workers from exposures to chemicals that are tumorigenic in rodents.

For 41 chemicals there exist both reasonable data on carcinogenic potency in experimental animals and also a defined Permissible Exposure Level (PEL), which is the upper limit of legally permissible chronic occupational exposure for U.S. workers. These 41 agents are ranked by an index that compares the permitted chronic human exposure to the chronic dose rate that induces tumors in 50% of labor...

Use of biological assay systems to assess the relative carcinogenic hazards of disinfection by-products.

Other workers have clearly shown that most, if not all, drinking water in the U.S. contains chemicals that possess mutagenic and/or carcinogenic activity by using bacterial and in vitro methods. In the present work, increased numbers of tumors were observed with samples of organic material isolated from 5 U.S. cities administered as tumor initiators in mouse skin initiation/promotion studies. O...

An Introduction to Sociolinguistics